Which condition was historically associated with blue sclera and multiple bone fractures?

Blue sclera and multiple bone fractures are classic indicators associated with dentinogenesis imperfecta, a genetic disorder affecting the teeth. This condition is characterized by the abnormal formation of dentin, leading to discolored, translucent teeth that can fracture easily. The blue sclera arises due to the thinning of the collagen in the sclera, which allows the underlying uveal tissue to show through. Individuals with dentinogenesis imperfecta may also have a higher susceptibility to bone fractures due to the impact of the disorder on collagen, which is crucial for maintaining the integrity of both teeth and bone.

In contrast, the other conditions listed do not typically present with blue sclera or a significant history of multiple fractures. Hemolytic anemia primarily affects red blood cells, Grave's disease is related to thyroid dysfunction, and pernicious anemia affects the body's ability to absorb vitamin B12, none of which are correlated with the ocular or orthopedic manifestations seen in dentinogenesis imperfecta.